2023 i Plot the data using Excel insert Chart scatter lines showing the | Assignments Online

 (i) Plot the data using Excel (insert, Chart, scatter, lines…) showing the trend line in the plot. Comment on the visible features in the plot. Does it have stationarity and/or Seasonality? Why or why not? (ii) Calculate the autocorrelation coefficients r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7 and r8 for the above series and plot the “Correlogram” using Excel. What do the autocorrelation coefficients tell you about the time series (iii) Create a table of first differences of the series (Yt-Yt-1). Plot the first differenced series and comment on its stationarity. (iv) Run 2-periods and 3-periods moving average forecasts for the above sales data and compare the forecasts using MAD, MAPE, MSE, RMSE. Also calculate the Mean Percentage Error (MPE) for MA(2) and MA(3) forecasts and discuss the systematic bias (if any) illustrating with the plot of actual vs forecasted values for both MA(2) and MA(3) forecasts. Why did such a systematic bias occur? (v) Correct this bias by performing a Double Moving Average method with four periods and plot the errors of DMA(4). Calculate its MAD, MAPE, MSE, RMSE, and MPE and compare with a simple MA(4) forecast. Make a forecast for period 21 (one period beyond the sample) using DMA(4).