2024 – ACC 3103 Midterm Exam NAME INSTRUCTIONS This exam is due via Blackboard on Saturday 1 Each person is expected to

                                                       ACC 3103

                                                       

                                           Midterm Exam

                                            

 

                        

NAME:_________________________________________

 

 

 

 

INSTRUCTIONS

      This exam is due via Blackboard on Saturday

 

 

1.     Each person is expected to work independently.

2.     You must show all your work to get partial credit.

3.     Please read each question fully and carefully.

 

 

Points are distributed as follows:

          Part I          Multiple choice (1 Pt each)                15 points

          Part II                   Fill-in-the-blank                                10

          Part III        Direct Labor Budget                         20

          Part IV         Balanced Scorecard                              10

                   Part V         CVP Problem                                       15

          Part VI         ABC Problem                                   30

                                                                                    Total             100

 

 

                                         Good Luck!

 

 

 

 

 

Honor Statement: By initialing the box below I confirm that I have completed this exam independently with no outside assistance.

 

 

                 Initials:  _______________________________

Part 1.  Multiple Choice (1 point each)

 

1) Which of the following people is LEAST likely to use management accounting information?

A) the controller

B) a shareholder evaluating a stock investment

C) the treasurer

D) an assembly department supervisor

 

 

 

2)  Budgetary slack is created when:

            A)  When the difference between actual and budgeted amounts are accidental

            B)   When the difference between actual and budgeted amounts are based on unforeseen events.

            C)   When the difference between actual and budgeted amounts are the result of deliberately introduced bias in the budgetary process.

            D)  When the difference between actual and budgeted amounts are the result of management’s inability to be clairvoyant.

 

 

 

 

 

3)  A budgeting system that allows individuals who are affected by the budget to have input into the budgeting process is called:

            A)  mandated budgeting

            B)   zero-based budgeting

            C)   incremental budgeting

            D)  participative budgeting

 

           

 

 

 

 

4) A cost system determines the cost of a cost object by:

A) accumulating and then assigning costs

B) accumulating costs

C) assigning and then accumulating costs

D) assigning costs

 

 

 

 

 

5) Which of the following items is NOT an assumption of CVP analysis?

A) Total costs can be divided into a fixed component and a component that is variable with respect to the level of output.

B) When graphed, total costs curve upward.

C) The unit-selling price is known and constant.

D) All revenues and costs can be added and compared without taking into account the time value of money.

 

 

 

            .

6) Sherry’s Custom Jewelry sells a single product. 700 units were sold resulting in $7,000 of sales revenue, $2,800 of variable costs, and $1,200 of fixed costs.

 

Contribution margin per unit is:

A) $4.00

B) $4.29

C) $6.00

D) None of these answers are correct.

 

 

 

 

 

7) The use of a single indirect-cost rate is more likely to:

A) undercost high-volume simple products

B) undercost low-volume complex products

C) undercost lower-priced products

D) Both B and C are correct.

 

 

 

 

 

8) Which of the following statements about activity-based costing is NOT true?

A) Activity-based costing is useful for allocating marketing and distribution costs.

B) Activity-based costing is more likely to result in major differences from traditional costing systems if the firm manufactures only one product rather than multiple products.

C) Activity-based costing seeks to distinguish batch-level, product-sustaining, and facility-sustaining costs, especially when they are not proportionate to one another.

D) Activity-based costing differs from traditional costing systems in that products are not cross-subsidized.

 

 

 

 

9) Operating budgets and financial budgets:

A) combined form the master budget

B) are prepared before the master budget

C) are prepared after the master budget

D) have nothing to do with the master budget

 

          

 

10) A cost function is a ________.

A) process of calculating present value of projected cash flows

B) process of allocating costs to cost centers or cost objects

C) mathematical description of how a cost changes with changes in the level of an activity relating to that cost

D) is a very thorough and detailed way to identifying a cost object when there is a physical relationship between inputs and outputs

 

 

 

 

11) For February, the cost components of a picture frame include $0.30 for the glass, $0.75 for the wooden frame, and $0.80 for assembly. The assembly desk and tools cost $500. Two hundred fifty frames are expected to be produced in the coming year. What cost function best represents these costs?

A) y = 1.85 + 500X

B) y = 500 + 1.85X

C) y = 3.85 + 600X

D) y = 1.05 + 500X

 

 

 

 

 

 

12) Full costs of a product are the sum of ________.

A) fixed costs and sunk costs in all the business functions of the value chain

B) variable costs and sunk costs in all the business functions of the value chain

C) all variable and fixed costs in all the business functions of the value chain

D) fixed costs, variable costs, and sunk costs in the value chain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13) Black Forrest manufactures rustic furniture. The cost accounting system estimates manufacturing costs to be $180 per table, consisting of 80% variable costs and 20% fixed costs. The company has surplus capacity available. It is Back Forrest’s policy to add a 50% markup to full costs.

 

 Black Forrest is invited to bid on a one-time-only special order to supply 100 rustic tables. What is the lowest price Black Forrest should bid on this special order?

A) $12,600

B) $14,400

C) $18,000

D) $23,000

 

 

 

 

 

14) An organization that is using the cost leadership approach would ________.

A) incur costs for innovative R&D

B) provide products at a higher cost than competitors

C) focus on productivity through efficiency improvements

D) bring products to market rapidly

 

 

 

 

 

 

15) ________ is the fundamental rethinking and redesign of business processes to achieve improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, speed, and customer satisfaction.

A) Strategy

B) Product differentiation

C) Product designing

D) Reengineering

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 2.  Fill-in-the-blank (10 points).

 

1)      For compilation of a production budget, _____________________________and

 

 

_______________________________are included as well as the forecasted sales from the sales budget.

 

 

 

 

2)  A predetermined overhead rate is used in which type of costing model?

            

_________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

3)  __________________ can provide both planning and control roles for management.

            

 

 

 

 

 

4)   How many units would have to be sold to yield a target operating income of $22,000,

 assuming variable costs are $15 per unit, total fixed costs are $2,000, and the unit selling  price is $20?

            

 

_________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

5)  ________________________________is that quantity of output where total revenues equal total costs.

            

 

 

 

 

6) ____________________________________systems distort product costs because they apply average support costs to each unit of product

 

 

 

 

 

 

7) _________________________budgeting incorporates continuous improvement into budgeted amounts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

8) ____________________________ accounting is concerned primarily with

external reporting to investors, creditors, and government authorities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9) _____________________________and _______________________________ combined are referred to as prime costs.

 

 

 

 

 

 

10) __________________________________ is the assignment of direct costs to the chosen cost object.

 

Part 3.  Direct Labor Budget (20 Points)

Shamokin Manufacturing produces two products, Big and Bigger. Shamokin expects to sell 20,000 units of Big and 10,000 units of Bigger. Shamokin plans on having an ending inventory of 4,000 units of Big and 2,000 units of Bigger. Currently, Shamokin has 1,000 units of Big in its inventory and 800 units of Bigger. Each product requires two labor operations: molding and polishing. Product Big requires one hour of molding time and one hour of polishing time. Product Bigger requires one hour of molding time and two hours of polishing time. The direct labor rate for molders is $20 per molding hour, and the direct labor rate for polishers is $25 per polishing hour.

 

Required:

Using Excel, prepare a direct labor budget in hours and dollars for each product.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 4.  Balanced Scorecard (10 Points)

 

Please identify the 4 measures of the balanced scorecard and provide a real life example of how they may interrelate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 5. Cost-Volume-Profit Problem (15 points)

 

Sarah’s T-Shirts business makes and sells tie dyed and embroidered T-Shirts. Sales information for the last year is shown below. During the year, Sarah’s fixed manufacturing costs were $40,000 and fixed Selling and Administrative costs were $50,000.

 

		Tie Dyed		Embroidered
Sales units		15,000		8,000
Unit price		$12		$18
Variable manufacturing cost/unit		$7		$9
Sales commission (% sales)		10%		15%

 

 

Prepare using Excel an Income Statement in Contribution Margin format for Sarah’s business. Calculate breakeven units and revenue for her total business.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 6.  ABC Problem (25 Points) (Use Excel template provided)

 

Royal Financial Services (RFS) provides front end loan origination services for a number of banks who process and maintain loan portfolios. RFS accepts applications from customers and processes them through closing of the loan agreement before turning the loan over to customer banks. RFS is paid regardless of whether the loan closes or not. RFS currently services three types of loans – residential mortgages, auto loans, and personal unsecured loans. RFS has no cost accounting system so total operating expenses are simply allocated to each product line based on revenue.

For the year just ended, RFS reported financial results as follows:

 

Income Statement	Mortgage	Auto	Personal	Total
Annual Volume of Loans	1500	6000	4000	11500
Origination Fee/Unit	$350	$200	$115
Total Revenues	$525,000	$1,200,000	$460,000	$   2,185,000
Operating Expense	$504,673	$1,153,538	$442,189	$   2,100,400
Profit	$ 20,327	$  46,462	$ 17,811	$   84,600
Profit % Revenue	3.9%	3.9%	3.9%	3.9%

 

RFS management is concerned about the overall low profitability of the business and has asked you to apply activity based analysis in order to give RFS a better understanding of relative product profitability. After extensive interviewing of staff and analysis of RFS’s cost structure, you determine there are four primary activities that RFS performs, with cost drivers and total cost as follows:

 

Activities	Activity Driver	Mortgage	Auto	Personal	Total Cost
Accept applications	# pages per application	4	3	1	616,000
Obtain credit referrals	# credit sources/applic.	2	2	1	332,500
Do loan analysis	# hours analysis/applic.	3	2	1	656,000
Close loan	# hours to close loan	4	2	1	495,900

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You determine that the application processing and loan analysis activities are performed using internal RFS resources while the credit and closing activities are performed primarily by external credit agencies and law offices on a per transaction basis (e.g. $X per credit check, $Y per closing hour). You also learn 70% of the mortgages end up being closed (the remainder are not approved after loan analysis); 80% of auto loans close and 90% of personal loans close.

You also identify a key external measure of how well RFS is performing versus the industry. While RFS does not bear the cost of defaults, their customers do track RFS performance and use it to negotiate future origination fee rates.

 

		Mortgage	Auto	Personal
Default rate experienced by loan processor		2%	1%	6%
Industry average		2%	3%	4%

 

Assignment

A.     Based on the above information, use activity based costing to assess the total and per unit profitability of RFS’s three loan products

 

 

B.     Write a brief memo (maximum 1 page, double spaced, font 12) to RFS management summarizing the results of your analyses. Make specific recommendations to RFS to improve business profitability.